Insecticidal activity of some phytochemical groups of Calotropis Procera plant and Bacillus thuringiensis isrealensis (HD-1), on the morphology of different developmental stages of Musca domestica vicina (Diptera, Muscadae)

The objective of our research is to test the toxicity of LC30 of the experimental phytochemical extracted groups from C.
procera; calactin, calotoxin and calotropin on newly moulted 3rd larval instar, the entomopathogenic effects of Bacillus
thuringensis isrealensis (Bti) HD-1 strain, LC30, on susceptibility of the resulted adults, as well as their impacts on
morphological changes of various developmental stages of M. domestica. The results reveled various morphological
deformities in all developmental stages. These deformities were in larvae, pupae and adults, like integument abrasions and
cuticle bleb in larvae, C-shaped larvae, hyper-pigmentation, constriction in pupal body, under-sized pupae, twisted pupae and
poorly developed adults with crumpled legs and curled wings and have short life span than normal ones. The results proved
that the calotropin with (Bti) is the most efficient in inducing severe morphological abnormalities in various developmental
stages of M. domestica followed by calotoxin and calactin, respectively. This recommends that the synergism between the
tested phytochemical groups of C. procera and (Bti) is considered as natural insecticides as well as safe to man, animal, plant
and their environment. The objective of our research is to test the toxicity of LC30 of the experimental phytochemical extracted groups from C.
procera; calactin, calotoxin and calotropin on newly moulted 3rd larval instar, the entomopathogenic effects of Bacillus
thuringensis isrealensis (Bti) HD-1 strain, LC30, on susceptibility of the resulted adults, as well as their impacts on
morphological changes of various developmental stages of M. domestica. The results reveled various morphological
deformities in all developmental stages. These deformities were in larvae, pupae and adults, like integument abrasions and
cuticle bleb in larvae, C-shaped larvae, hyper-pigmentation, constriction in pupal body, under-sized pupae, twisted pupae and
poorly developed adults with crumpled legs and curled wings and have short life span than normal ones. The results proved
that the calotropin with (Bti) is the most efficient in inducing severe morphological abnormalities in various developmental
stages of M. domestica followed by calotoxin and calactin, respectively. This recommends that the synergism between the
tested phytochemical groups of C. procera and (Bti) is considered as natural insecticides as well as safe to man, animal, plant
and their environment.